Biological control of fungi in melon seeds (Cucumis melo L.): physiological and sanitary analysis

Abstract

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivation is of great economic importance in Brazil, especially in producing regions geared towards the domestic market and export. However, the crop faces limitations related to the occurrence of diseases, many of which are transmitted by seeds, compromising the sanitary quality and initial establishment of the plants. In this context, the use of Trichoderma spp. has stood out as a sustainable and efficient alternative for the biological control of phytopathogens, in addition to promoting plant growth. This study evaluated the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum in the microbiolization of melon seeds, varieties amarelo and orange, at different concentrations. The seeds were treated with doses of 50, 100, 150 and 200 g per 100 kg of seeds, at a concentration of 1.0 × 1010 CFU. Fungi of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium, commonly associated with seed deterioration, were identified. Doses of 150 and 200 g showed greater efficiency in reducing fungal incidence. In addition to the sanitary effect, the 150 g dose provided better physiological performance, highlighting the biocontrol agent’s potential in the sanitary and physiological management of melon seeds.