instrumentation of dental implants: a literature review

Resumo

The aim of this study was to review
the literature on the systems used to decontaminate the implant’s
surface. Different instruments have been proposed, but there is no
agreement in the literature about which methods would be more
efficient with no damage to the implant surface. It was reported the
use of plastic, carbon fiber, stainless-steel and titanium curettes
and also the use of other systems such as ultrasonic points with
different tips, rubber cups and air abrasion. Literature review: In
most of the studies, the injury caused on the titanium surface at the
time of instrumentation was examined. In others, the cell adhesion
on the titanium dental implants following instrumentation of the
implant surface was observed. Moreover, to enhance cleaning around
implants, ultrasonic systems were recently tested. Conclusion: Metal
instruments can lead to major damage to implant surface, therefore,
they are not indicated for decontamination of dental implants surfaces.
Furthermore, non-metallic instruments, such as plastic curettes, rubber
cups, air abrasion and some ultrasonic systems seem to be better
choices to remove calculus and plaque of the sub- and supra-gingival
peri-implant area. It is noteworthy that more studies evaluating the
effects of these systems are required to establish best practices to be
used in the treatment of patients with dental implants.