Influence of bisphosphonates on Implantology – literature review

Resumo

Oral rehabilitation with dental implants becomes
limited in patients who make use of sodium bisphosphonate (BF),
because this drug inhibits osteoclast activity and thus osteoblastic,
fundamental steps to implant osseointegration. Furthermore, this
drug can cause osteonecrosis of the jaw (OJ). The dentist has to
fully know about this drug and its side effects, to differentiate it
from other changes. Objective: This study aimed to review the
literature on the influence of bisphosphonates on implant and to
evaluate the possible complications resulting from prolonged use,
providing subsidies to the dentist to prevent and recognize the
patient with osteonecrosis of the jaws Literature review: The BPs
are a class of drugs used for the treatment of bone diseases such
as osteoporosis, because their mechanism of action inhibits the
function of osteoclast. However, these drugs may cause some side
effects known as the OJ. Patients undergoing intravenous therapy
are more likely to develop these changes than those undergoing
oral therapy. OJ is characterized by painful symptoms, leaving the
exposed bone in the oral cavity. There are several treatment strategies
according to the clinical stage that the patient presents. Conclusion:
The installation of dental implants in patients who make use of BPs
presents risks, since this drug can cause OJ.