Statistical analysis of the prevalence, severity and some possible etiologic factors of gingival recessions among the adult population of Thamar city, Yemen

Resumo

Introduction and objectives: Gingival recession is an undesirable
condition resulting in root exposure which is often not esthetic and
may lead to sensitivity and root caries. The objective of the current
study was to quantify and analyze the prevalence and severity of the
gingival recession problem and also to identify the influence of some
risk factors on gingival recession’s occurrence. The current study
is arguably important because there was no previous study of this
type in Yemen. Material and methods: This study was performed
on 602 non missing teeth participants of age class ≥ 20 years old
who attending the learning dental clinics of faculty of dentistry at
Thamar University, and Thamar General Hospital during the period
January to October 2010. All measurements of gingival recession
and loss of attachment were done with periodontal probe and
under sufficient illumination. Furthermore the severity of gingival
recessions was evaluated based on Miller’s classification. Some
measurements were done twice randomly in order to examine intraobserver agreement of data. Statistical analysis was accomplished
using Chi-squares test and Logistic Linear Regression. Results: Our
findings showed that 60.5% of patients had gingival recessions. The
trend of gingival recession was upward within 20-29 (15.0%) to 30-
39 years of age (16.8%) and was descending within 40-49 (15.9%) to
50 years of age and older (12.8%). Prevalence of gingival recession
in females (33.6%) was found to be significantly higher than that in males (26.9%), (P<0.05). The localized recession (26.7%) and that of
generalized (33.7%) were found to be significantly different, (P<0.05).
The most significant differences of prevailed recessions were detected
in buccal-labial & balatal-lingual (44.5%) and the upper & lower
teeth (34.6%), respectively, (P<0.05). In addition, the recession in
the anterior teeth (25.7%) was significantly much higher than that
in posterior teeth (6%). Moreover, Class I Miller was significantly
(P<0.05) the most common type of recession (30.5%) when compared
to the other classes. The recession percentages of gingival recession
size; < 3 mm (26.9), 3-4 mm (9.1) and > 4 mm (24.4), were found to
differ significantly, (P<0.05). Similarly, the percentages of recessions
in loss of attachment size; < 3 mm (8.8), 3-4 mm (9.3) and > 4
mm (42.5), were also significantly different, (P<0.05). Finally, the
relationship between gingival recession and the concomitant risk
factors was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the high
prevalence of gingival recession (60.5%) among Yemeni population
may relate to the destructive periodontitis, and khat chewing so the
implementation of oral hygiene instructions programs among Yemeni
population would be a necessity.